This approach will impact on the performance at hydration process of vue. I'd rather use the good ol' component-based approach that surely work the best with vue.
"Atomic Design" is more like implementing a micro component. At the end, you'll end up with a bunch of files and components. More components means more time and effort in the vue's client hydration process for building virtual DOM.
Reference: https://vuejs.org/guide/scaling-up/ssr.html#client-hydration